ABSTRACT
Autism Spectrum Disorders [ASDs] are complex neurodevelopmental conditions with the characteristics including impairments in social interaction and communication, and restricted patterns of behaviors or interests. Lack of Theory of Mind [TOM], which is considered as the core concept of social interaction, was suggested as the underlying deficit of social, behavioral, and communicative impairments of ASD. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation [tDCS], as a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, indicated promising results for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The present methodology report aimed at proposing a design to study the possible effects of tDCS on TOM and cognitive empathy in ASD
ABSTRACT
Over more than a century of research has demonstrated that sleep is necessary for the retention of memory. The current review aim to discuss the functional brain network connectivity is important during slow-wave sleep [SWS] for memory consolidation. While several evidences indicated the importance of SWS for memory consolidation but information to understand the main mechanisms of it are not enough. Although there is the likely involvement of various factors in this phenomenon, we hypothesize the key role of Ih current arising memory consolidation during SWS by generation of neuronal oscillations. Finding the possible mechanism involving in this process may provide lights to suggesting new treatments against memory impairments
ABSTRACT
Background: Transient global cerebral ischemia causes extensive neuronal damage in the brain and leads to a deficit in learning and memory. We designed the present study to investigate the effect of exercise preconditioning on learning and spatial memory following transient cerebral ischemia in rat
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 50 male Wistar rats weighing 250-300g were randomly allocated to different groups. Exercise was done by treadmill and, for inducing cerebral ischemia, both common carotid arteries were occluded for 10 minutes. Memory was evaluated using a step-through passive avoidance task. Sensory motor deficits were assessed by adhesive removal test. For evaluating slip ratio, we used ledged beam walking test
Results: One week after transient cerebral ischemia, response latency decreased in passive avoidance test. Also touch time, remove time, and slip ratio were increased in these animals. Exercise preconditioning improved the measured indices in ischemic rats
Conclusion: Exercise preconditioning improved deficits in learning and memory, as well as sensory-motor function, following transient cerebral ischemia